Shiite Muslims chant as they accompany the body of a fighter loyal to Radical Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr, who was killed during clashes with U.S and Iraqi National guard forces, during his funeral procession in the holy Muslim city of Najaf, 100 miles (160 kilometers) south of Baghdad, Iraq Saturday Aug. 7, 2004. Sporadic explosions and gunfire echoed through the holy Shiite city of Najaf on Saturday after two days of intense clashes between U.S. forces and Shiite Muslim insurgents that marked some of the bloodiest fighting in Iraq in months. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)
BAGHDAD, Iraq (AP) - Interim Iraqi Prime Minister Ayad Allawi signed a long-awaited amnesty law Saturday that would pardon Iraqis who have played minor roles in the country's 15-month-long insurgency, but not those guilty of killing.
The amnesty had been expected to be a key element in the government's efforts to coax Iraqis away from the anti-U.S. campaign, but the more limited offer is unlikely to dampen the violence.
The announcement came as sporadic clashes continued in the holy Shiite city of Najaf, but fighting was largely calmed after two days of the most intense battles between U.S. forces and Shiite Muslim militiamen in months. The fighting Thursday and Friday spread to other Shiite communities and threatened to reignite a Shiite insurrection.
Shiite leaders, joined by a U.N. official, met with aides to militant Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr, whose militia was involved in the fighting, in an effort to mediate an end to the violence.
The amnesty had been intended to help put down similar outbursts of violence by drawing nationalist guerrillas to the side of Allawi's government - which came to power in late June - and away from fighters using terrorist-style bombings.
Early drafts reportedly would have forgiven most people involved in the insurgency, but the law was apparently changed to exclude anyone who had killed.
"This amnesty is not for people ... who have killed. Those people will be brought to justice, starting from Zarqawi down to the person in the street," he said, referring to Jordanian militant Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, whose followers have claimed responsibility for deadly suicide bombings.
The amnesty would forgive those who committed minor crimes between May 1, 2003, just after the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime, and Saturday, he said. Those eligible would need to turn themselves in over the next 30 days, he said.
Those eligible for the amnesty include people in possession of light arms and explosives, those who hid intelligence about terrorist groups and people who helped those groups commit crimes, Allawi said.
"This order has been established to allow our citizens to rejoin civil society and participate in the reconstruction of their country and the improvement of their lives, instead of wasting their lives pointlessly toward a lost cause," he said.
Iraqi officials had earlier said the amnesty might extend to those who killed U.S. and other coalition troops. U.S. officials said an early draft contained ambiguous language on that issue, but later drafts ruled it out.
Meanwhile, Iraqi religious leaders tried to restore a ceasefire between al-Sadr's Mahdi Army militants and coalition and Iraqi forces that had shattered in two days of fighting that began Thursday.
The fighting in Najaf killed five U.S. servicemembers, bringing to 16 the number of U.S. troops who died in Iraq in the first week of August.
Iraqi casualties from the fighting varied widely. Falah Muhana, a Health Ministry official in Najaf, said the city's hospitals reported 21 people killed and 121 injured during fighting in the city. The U.S. military said 300 militants were killed in Najaf, but Ahmed al-Shaibany, an al-Sadr aide in Najaf, said 36 militants had been killed. The militants often use their own health system so it is difficult to confirm their casualties.
Al-Sadr aides met in Baghdad on Saturday with Iraqi dignitaries and U.N. official Jamal Benomar.
"We called for a more effective U.N. role, the end of military actions, respecting the truce and a political solution for this crisis," said Ali al-Yassiry, an al-Sadr aide.
Benomar said al-Sadr's group was prepared for an immediate cease-fire and had asked for a meeting between their group and Allawi and Iraqi President Ghazi al-Yawer.
Officials from the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq - a top Shiite faction - arrived in Najaf on Saturday to mediate between al-Sadr, the local government and coalition forces, said Redha Taqi, a SCIRI official.
In Karbala, senior Shiite cleric Grand Ayatollah Mohammed Taqi al-Modaresi called for an immediate end to the violence.
"We stress the need to halt fighting immediately, to adhere to the truce and to let reason and wisdom play a role in solving the problems through political dialogue," said Jaafar Mohammed, al-Modaresi's spokesman.
Much of the main fighting appeared over by Saturday afternoon. In Najaf, U.S. warplanes flew overhead and American armored vehicles and Humvees blocked the main roads into the city, but most streets appeared deserted. Sporadic explosions and gunfire echoed through the city, but the violence was far less than that of the previous days.
Najaf Gov. Adnan al-Zurufi on Friday gave insurgents 24 hours to leave the city.
On Saturday, it was unclear if militiamen were withdrawing. None were present outside al-Sadr's house, which is usually heavily guarded.
Allawi said more than 1,200 people had been arrested during the clashes - some of them followers of Saddam's regime, others common criminals released during Saddam's rule.
Operations to restore security in Najaf would continue, he said.
"The Iraqi police, National Guard and the army will escalate their operations against the outlaw people. This should be clear," he said.
Friday's clashes were the fiercest seen in Najaf since the fall of Saddam Hussein, with U.S. helicopter gunships and fighter jets pounding insurgents hiding in a sprawling cemetery in the holy Shiite city.
On Saturday, the U.S. military said it had secured the cemetery. Marines also found weapons caches there, including bomb-making materials, rocket-propelled grenades, assault rifles and ammunition.
The fighting with al-Sadr's followers spread Friday to the Baghdad neighborhood of Sadr City and the southern cities of Amarah, Basra and Nasiriyah.
At dawn Saturday, gunmen attacked the governor's office in Basra with rifles and mortar rounds. Police repelled the attack, killing one of the gunmen, police Capt. Mustaq Talib said.
In Amarah, insurgents attacked a British base and the main Iraqi police station overnight with mortars, said Maj. Ian Clooney, a British military spokesman. There were no reports of injuries.
In the capital, guerrillas fired five mortar rounds into central Baghdad about 7:30 a.m. Saturday, damaging two sport utility vehicles, the U.S. military said. One passer-by was wounded when one of the shells hit near the Electricity Ministry, said Majid al-Jubouri, a spokesman there.
In a separate attack just before midday, two other mortar shells struck a wall outside Iraq's National Olympic Committee, injuring two guards, said Ahmed al-Hijeya head of the committee. Police said those shells, which exploded near the Iranian Embassy just before midday, wounded five people in all.
